Despite other fields of medicine, such as pharmaceutical chronology, there is almost no considerable mention of importance of “timing” in nutrition, in the literature. There are mounting evidence that timing of taking vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, drugs, sleeping, and exercise has a deep effect on the nutrition physiology.
Ingestion of high protein containing food after resistance exercise has been shown at many different time points to stimulate increases in muscle protein synthesis and cause minimal changes in protein breakdown and consequently can increase overall balance [Borsheim et al, 2002; Pitkanen, 2003]. Unfortunately, the optimal time point for supplementation has not yet been demonstrated [Kerksick et al. 2008].
In recent years, there appeared a popular nutritional strategy called "nutrient timing" which involved the consumption of several nutrients in different combinations during exercise (Aragon and Schoenfield, 2013). It is pointed out that the timing of nutrient consumption may be more important than the absolute daily intake of nutrients (Candow and Chilibeck, 2008) and subsequently can produce dramatic improvements in body composition (Aragon and Schoenfield, 2013 ).
A number of literature exists on the ergogenic potential of ingesting sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) before short-term, high-intensity exercise however very little exists on optimal loading times. A recent study about the chronology of ingesting NaHCO3 indicated that at 180 minutes postingestion, an individual is less prone to experiencing significant GI discomfort [Siegler et al, 2012].
In a study with patients having severe acute pancreatitis and developing septic shock, adjuvant supplementation therapy with selenium has revealed that selenium supplementation improves antioxidant status in critically ill patients and the improvements depend on quantum of dosage and supplementation time [Kocan et al, 2010].
Inhibition of alpha-glucosidase activity by anthocyanins and reduction of blood glucose levels after starch-rich meals is reported as the mechanism of a proven clinical therapy for controlling type II diabetes and [McDougall and Stewart, 2005]. All these variables may have a significant effect of the consumption, metabolism and the dose of the nutrient in the blood stream which is directly related with its function.
There are a number of important points to be considered to better analyze the effects of timing of the nutrients and their beneficial effects. The rate of the body metabolism at different times in a day, the synergistic effects of nutrients, consumption of several modifiers such as caffeine or polyphenols which can act on metabolic enzymes and the microbiota composition as well as timing of probiotic consumption are some of the examples.
There should be lots of unpublished data, just because there was not an interest and or mention of nutritional chronology. There must be huge amount of academic experiences which has never been revealed. Author’s personal and unpublished data, shows that taking Vitamin B1 300 mg plus B complex in breakfast, and taking 600 mcg of Biotin in lunch time significantly helps obese patients to lose weight. There are lots of personal experience that timing of taking vitamins and/or polyphenol-rich foodstuffs (such as vinegar) has different, and in some cases opposite effects. The time has reached to announce for a conference and to gather proceedings about this issue as a preliminary step.
REFERENCES
Borsheim E, Tipton KD, Wolf SE, Wolfe RR: Essential amino acids and muscle protein recovery from resistance exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2002, 283:E648-657.
Chad Kerksick, Travis Harvey, Jeff Stout, Bill Campbell, Colin Wilborn, Richard Kreider, Doug Kalman, Tim Ziegenfuss, Hector Lopez, Jamie Landis, John L Ivy and Jose Antonio. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: Nutrient timing. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2008, 5:17 doi:10.1186/1550-2783-5-17
Darren G. Candow, Philip D. Chilibeck, Timing of creatine or protein supplementation and resistance training in the elderly. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2008, 33(1): 184-190, 10.1139/H07-139
McDougall GJ, Stewart D. The inhibitory effects of berry polyphenols on digestive enzymes. Biofactors. 2005;23(4):189-95.
Kocan L, Firment J, Simonová J, Vasková J, Guzy J. Selenium supplementation in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Rozhl Chir. 2010 Aug;89(8):518-21.
Pitkanen HT, Nykanen T, Knuutinen J, Lahti K, Keinanen O, Alen M, Komi PV, Mero AA: Free amino acid pool and muscle protein balance after resistance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003, 35:784-792.
Siegler JC1, Marshall PW, Bray J, Towlson C.Sodium bicarbonate supplementation and ingestion timing: does it matter? J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Jul;26(7):1953-8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182392960.